UK Immigration Overhaul Could See Migrants Wait Decades for Settlement
Big changes are on the horizon for migrants living in the UK legally. The government has unveiled proposals that could extend the waiting period for permanent settlement, also known as Indefinite Leave to Remain, from five years to ten for most migrants. In some cases, particularly for those claiming benefits, this could stretch to an unprecedented 20 years—the longest in Europe.
Home Secretary Shabana Mahmood announced the plans, emphasizing that becoming part of the UK “is not a right but a privilege—and one that must be earned.” These changes are set to affect around 2.6 million migrants who arrived in the country since 2021, although anyone who has already obtained settlement will not be impacted. Mahmood described the new system as “earned settlement,” where eligibility will be based on a combination of social integration, economic contribution, and good character.
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Under the proposals, migrants who have worked in the NHS or other frontline public services may qualify for settlement after five years. Similarly, the government plans to fast-track “brightest and best” international talent, with high earners and entrepreneurs able to settle in just three years. In contrast, those reliant on benefits for more than 12 months could face a 20-year wait. Even low-paid health and care workers who arrived post-Brexit could see their settlement eligibility pushed to 15 years.
The government’s approach also introduces stricter requirements for settlement, including a clean criminal record, English proficiency at A-level standard, and earning above £12,570 per year for at least three years. Family members will not automatically gain status when the primary applicant qualifies, and older dependants may face separate requirements. Existing fast-track routes for victims of abuse, bereaved partners, and refugees will remain in place.
The proposals have sparked concern among unions and advocacy groups. Christina McAnea, general secretary of Unison, warned that thousands of essential workers could be forced to wait years for certainty, potentially threatening the delivery of vital public services. Similarly, the Refugee Council cautioned that long waits and repeated reviews could leave vulnerable people trapped in limbo, with expensive bureaucracy adding further strain.
These reforms are part of the government’s broader immigration overhaul, which also includes changes to the asylum system and measures to make illegal migration less attractive. The new rules are expected to be implemented from spring 2026, following a consultation period that ends on 12 February. Mahmood framed the overhaul as a way to restore fairness and order to the system, stating that it prioritizes migrants who contribute meaningfully to the UK while controlling the flow of arrivals.
In short, the UK is moving toward a highly selective, contribution-based immigration model where settlement is no longer automatic after a set period. Instead, permanent status will be earned—and for some, it could take decades before it is granted.
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